The Problem Of Cancer Is Not The End Of The World

Every person on earth will live a long and hopefully satisfying life. Sadly, one day we will have to leave it all behind. We don’t get the choice how we get to go rather that’s in a peaceful manner or in a painful way, in which most deaths occur. More and more people die every day from cancer and it gives an image of one that ruins people’s lives. What we need to understand is that cancer is a tough challenge and it’s going to give a person hell, but there’s a reason you should fight because it’s not the end of the world as some people portray it as. Death is something you can’t run from. There is no way around it. â€Å"You can be a victim of cancer, or a survivor of cancer. It’s a mindset† –Dave Pelzer. I believe in this quote and I’m a firm believer with cancer patients truly have to make a mental decision on what route they’re going to take rather its fight or accept what is happening to you. As we jump into the vocal point of the research behind cancer and what it Intel’s scientist still struggle in some aspects to fully discover why it happens because it can be so rare and random depending on the individual. Cancer affects newborns, boys, girls, women, men and animals. The causes of how a person can develop vary in many ways because it can be a chemical reason, viruses, over exposure to certain products, smoking, tanning and hereditary from your family. A handful amount of people have developed cancer or pro longed contact with one or more of the cancer causing agents IShow M oreRelatedShould Smoking Be Banned?1457 Words   |  6 PagesBan the Cancer Sticks Lung cancer has increased within the past decade; one of the biggest reasons is that more and more people smoke now than they have in the past. Smoking causes damage not only in the lungs, but also in the body, lips, or inside the mouth. 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In the United States alone, cancer is the 2nd leading cause of death at 22Read MoreJapan Is The Issue Of Heavy Alcohol Consumption927 Words   |  4 Pagesrice, and vegetables, as well as daily physical activity. Japan’s life expectancy is one of the highest in the world (â€Å"Countries: Japan,† 2015, para. 2b). Japan is healthy, but there are still health issues. As formerly one of the 194 countries that was a member of the World Health Organization, now the Japanese population relies on the Western Pacific Region Organizational branch of the World Health Organization for guidance and support when it comes to major health crisis that effect this otherwiseRead MorePersonal Identity, Relational Identity And Identity1403 Words   |  6 Pages allows the family to look at life before the problem existed and makes the family look at how life would be if the problem did not exist (Gehart, 2010). 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Due to advancements in screening and treatment, more people are now living with cancer longer than ever before. In 2014, there were close to 14.5 million people living with a cancer diagnosis and this number is going to rise nearly 5 million over the following

Managing Quality in Partnership Working with Service Users Free Essays

Central College London Module Study Guide G: Managing Quality in Partnership Working Graduate Diploma in Health and Social Care – Level 5 Module G: Managing Quality in Partnership Working The learner will: 1 Understand differing perspectives of quality and partnership working in relation to health and social care services Partnership: empowerment; independence; autonomy; power; informed choice; staff and organisation groups eg statutory, voluntary, private, independent, charitable; service users Quality: audit; quality control; role of agencies eg Care Quality Commission, NICE; role of staff and users; quality perspectives eg Servqual-Zeithaml, Parasuraman and Berry; technical quality; functional quality http://areas. kenan-flagler. unc. We will write a custom essay sample on Managing Quality in Partnership Working with Service Users or any similar topic only for you Order Now edu/Marketing/FacultyStaff/zeithaml/Selected%20Publications/SERVQUAL-%20A%20Multiple-Item%20Scale%20for%20Measuring%20Consumer%20Perceptions%20of%20Service%20Quality. pdf The learner can: 1. 1 Discuss the philosophy of working in partnership in health and social care 1. Analyse the role of external agencies in setting standards and the impact this has on service quality The learner will: 2 Understand how to promote partnership philosophies and relationships in health and social care services Partnership working: empowerment; theories of collaborative working; informed decision making; confidentiality; professional roles and responsibilities; models of working eg unified, coordinated, coalition and hybrid models; management structures; communication methods; inter-disciplinary and inter-agency working and joint working agreements. Legislation: current and relevant legislation eg safeguarding, equality, diversity, disability, data protection Organisational practices and policies: current and relevant practices; agreed ways of working; services planning procedures and employment practices for different bodies ie statutory, voluntary, specialist units; risk assessment procedures The learner can: 2. 1 Compare models of partnership working and discuss how differences in working practices and policies affect collaborative working across the sector 2. Evaluate current legislation and organisational practices and policies for partnership working in health and social care The learner will: 3Understand strategies for achieving quality in health and social care services Standards: minimum standards; best practice; benchmarks; performance indicators; charters; codes of practice; legislation eg local, national, European Implementing quality: planning, policies and procedures; target setting; audit; monitoring; review; reso urces (financial, equipment, personnel, accommodation); communication; information; adapting to change Barriers: external (inter-agency interactions, legislation, social policy); internal (risks, resources, organisational structures, interactions between people) The learner can: 3. 1 Explain the standards that exist in health and social care for measuring quality 3. 2 Evaluate different approaches to implementing quality systems 3. 3 Analyse potential barriers to delivery of quality health and social care services The learner will: 4Evaluate the outcomes of partnership working for users of services, professionals and organisations in health and social care services Outcomes for service users: positive eg improved services, empowerment, autonomy, informed decision making; negative eg neglect, abuse, harm, anger, miscommunication, information overload, confusion, duplication of service provision, disempowerment Outcomes for professionals: positive eg coordinated service provision, professional approach, clear roles and responsibilities, organised communication, preventing mistakes, efficient use of resources; negative eg professional conflict, miscommunication, time wasting, mismanagement of funding Outcomes for organisations: positive eg coherent approach, shared principles, comprehensive service provision, common working practices, integrated services; negative eg communication breakdown, disjointed service provision, increased costs, loss of shared purpose Barriers to partnership working: lack of understanding of roles and responsibilities; negative attitudes; lack of communication; not sharing information; different priorities; different attitudes and values Strategies to improve outcomes: communication; information sharing; consultation; negotiation; models of empowerment; collective multi-agency working; dealing with conflict; stakeholder analysis The learner can: 4. 1 Analyse outcomes and barriers for partnership working for users of services, professionals and organisations 4. 2 Describe strategies to improve outcomes for partnership working in health and social care services The learner will: 5 Understand methodologies for evaluating health and social care service quality Methods for assessing quality: questionnaires; focus groups; structured ans semi-structured interviews; panels, complaints procedures; open forums Perspectives: external eg inspection agencies; internal eg service standards; continuous improvement : mechanisms eg consultation, panels, user managed services The learner can: 5. 1 Analyse methods for evaluating health and social care service quality with regards to external and internal perspectives 5. 2 Discuss the impact that involving users of services in the evaluation process has on service quality ————————————————- Internal Assessment Guidance – Module D: Task 1 – Type of evidence: Presentation Assessment criteria: 1. 1, 1. 2, 4. 1, 4. 2 Additional information: Constitutes 30% of module mark Activity Review how a local health or social care provider engages with relevant partners in the delivery of their service, and how this can impact on the quality of the service they provide. You may already be familiar with this health or social care provider and have some knowledge of their approach to partnership and quality standards OR you can choose a provider and analyse their practice based on the information contained: * Within their marketing / promotional material On their website * Within their latest report from the Care Quality Commission (CQC) Please note in order to maintain confidentiality you can only refer to information that is available within the public domain Review their practice and answer the following questions in your presentation: a) How do they work in partnership with: outside agencies; specialist services; se rvice users; professional bodies; voluntary and other organisations? (1. 1) b) How do these partnerships impact the quality of service provided? 1. 2) c) Analyse outcomes and barriers for partnership working with service users within this service (4. 1) d) Describe strategies that could improve outcomes for partnership working within this service (4. 2) You will need to prepare a presentation of approximately 10 minutes duration to illustrate your answers to the questions above. In your presentation you need to include copies of slides and presentation notes and submit a copy to your assessor. Your final slide should list correctly any references used. Presentation date: Week 3 Task 2 – Type of evidence: Report Assessment criteria: All of 2, 3 and 5. Constitutes 50% of the module mark Additional information: Word limit 1500 words Activity Using information available related to the health or social care provider that was the focus of your presentation for Task 1, submit a report answering the following questions: 1) Identify positive aspects of partnership practice within the service, and discuss how partnership practice could be improved (2. ) 2) Evaluate how relevant legislation is implemented to affect organisational practice related to partnership working (2. 2) 3) Explain at least five standards that exist for measuring quality (3. 1) 4) Identify and evaluate approaches to implementing quality systems (3. 2) 5) Analyse any barriers or potential barriers to delivering a good quality service (3. 3) 6) Analyse methods used for evaluating the quality of the service provided (5. 1) 7) Discuss the impact of any involvement of services users in the evaluation of service quality (5. 2) In order to promote confidentiality, ensure that you only refer to material and information that is available within the public domain. All sources of evidence should be accurately referenced at the end of your report. Task 3- Essay (500-700 words) . This will constitute 20% of the module mark. Reflect and write an essay which will identify what you have learned from this module to include personal strengths and weaknesses during the learning process. Highlight any need that will require development for the future which would enhance your employability. Submission date: 17/05/2013 How to cite Managing Quality in Partnership Working with Service Users, Papers

Concept of Quality Improvement and Role of ACSQHC

Question: Discuss concept of quality improvement and reole of ACSQHC. Answer: Introduction In this report, the author will discuss the concept and significance of the quality improvement in health care. The author will detail the role of Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care and the Victorian State Government Department of Health and Human Services. Quality improvement Quality improvement in health care can be defined as the combined effort of medical professionals, researchers, educators, patients and their families to achieve better patient outcomes through effective changes in the health care (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW), (2015). Every change may not lead to the improvement unless it makes full use of "science of disease biology" (Greenfield et al., 2015). Therefore, the change must include generalisable scientific knowledge, and the care is delivered in macrosystem, microsystem, and mesosystem in a modified way (Will Weinschreider, 2012). The changes refer to enhanced medical care facilities and improved health outcomes. Meeting the needs and expectations of the patients is the key to measuring the quality of services (Winters et al., 2013). Such practices include evidence-based care, patient engagement, provision of care with effective coordination with another part of the health care system, patient-centered care, and c are including culture competence and linguistically appropriate (Boswell et al., 2015). There are ten national standards, which regulate the quality, and safety of the health services, which ultimately improves the patient outcomes (Boy Sheen, 2014). The primary standards are: Prevention of the health infections Partnership with the consumers Safety related to medical services Measurement of safety and quality of health service Identification and application of correct health plan for the patient prevention of pressure injuries Blood product management Recognition of clinical deterioration Prevention of fall Handover of the patient in a clinical emergency (Hannaford et al., 2013) The Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care (ACSQHC) along with Victorian State Government Department of Health and Human services plays a significant role in quality improvement of health services (Hibbard Greene, 2013). These bodies govern and monitor the ten national standards. Based on these standards these governing bodies have formulated their guidelines for further improvement of health organizations. Evidence-based practice is gaining importance all over the world. It includes the principle of support or rejection of a treatment based on evidence, experienced clinical judgment in identification of "unique health state and diagnosis" and values/preferences of clients (McCalman et al., 2012). Together with patient-centered care it is the best measurement of health quality improvement. Additionally, effective collaboration between heath care professionals and correct leadership style is essential for a right working environment (Cunningham et al., 2012). The author will further discuss the role of ACSQHC in an improvement of hospitals and health services. There exists the range of benefits with an implementation of quality improvement programs that reflect the importance of these programs in health care settings. These include improved patient health with reduced mortality and morbidity with increased managerial processes (McFadden et al., 2014). By improving clinical processes, excess cost due to system failure or medical errors and redundancy is reduced. Those organizations committed to such quality services reflect a culture of positivity and improvement development (Healy, 2013). It will, in turn, improve the communication, funding and partnership opportunities. It ensures the reliability and predictability of the services. Overall the organization will have a balance of quality, efficiency, and profitability in its accomplishments of goals (Hibbard Greene, 2013). Role of Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care ( ACSQHC) (200) The Council of Australian Governments has established ACSQHC to coordinate and lead national improvements in health care safety and quality (Boyd Sheen, 2014). This aim includes involvement of Health Ministers to drive desired improvements by providing them "strategic advice on best practices." The National Health Reform Act 2011 as an independent and permanent authority under the Commonwealth Authorities and Companies Act 1997 specifies the roles of ACSQHC and its responsibilities (Huber, 2013). Since 2014, Public Governance, Performance and Accountability Act 2013 governs it (Boyd Sheen, 2014). To achieve its aim, ACSQHC will develop "national safety and clinical standards formulate and implement national accreditation schemes and develop national datasets". In addition, it will identify and decrease any unwarranted variation in services and patient outcomes (Healy, 2013). This unwarranted variation includes misuse or underuse of health services, a discrepancy in productivity and health care safety and quality (Kyrkjeb and Hanestad, (2009). It will work towards nationally coordinated action to address infections associated with health care and antimicrobial resistance (Lowthian et al., 2013). It also attempts to develop "clinical care standards" to provide care based on specific clinical conditions of a patient. The clinical standards will focus on the "areas of high volume, high-cost care where there is known variation from well-established models of care" (Boyd Sheen, 2014). It supports its role in achieving its goal by obtaining the range of data, interprets the same by its analysis, disseminates the information related to safety and quality of health care, and publishes reports of the same. According to Greenfield et al., (2015) ACSQHC promotes health care safety and quality awareness as well as awareness of clinical and health service standards by engaging with range of stakeholders, State and Territory Governments, private sector health providers, clinicians, public health bodies and consumers (Healy, 2013). The ACSQHC vision for Australias health care improvement comprises of three core principles that are consumer-centered, information supported and safety organization (Huber, 2013). In 2012, ACSQHC implemented the National Safety and Quality Health Service Standards (NSQHS) (Hannaford et al., 2013). These provide guidelines for increased safety and quality in particular areas of practice. It identified clinical governance as the "core aspect of the health service safety and quality" (Healy, 2013). The nature of these standards is evidence based which requires the initiative of clinical governance found on prior learning and research (Boyd Sheen, 2014). The ACSQHC works with jurisdictions to coordinate the implementation of those standards and monitor their effectiveness. It will administer the accreditation of health care professionals through Australian Health Services Safety and Quality Accreditation Scheme (AHSSQA) (Greenfield et al., 2015). ACSQHC together with the National Health Performance Authority strive for identification and development of indicators of the safety and quality performance of the health system (Ibrahim et al., 2014). These indicators help the care providers in improving their performance. It will support and assist the accrediting agencies to implement the standards of NSQHS (Boswell et al., 2015). In Queensland, AHSSQA is mandatory for hospitals, multipurpose health centers and day procedure units (Greenfield et al., 2015). It uses ten standards of NSQHS, replacing the clinical standards, which the accreditation agencies used previously. State and territory health departments regulate the requirement for accreditation. It monitors the outcomes on a timely basis for rectifying the practice performance. According to Boyd Sheen, (2014) "ACSQHC will continue to coordinate the establishment of these processes and the related activity of health service accrediting agencies and monitor the effectiveness of the NSQHS Standards". The mental health service is to maintain accreditation against the NSQHS Standards and the National Standards for Mental Health Services (Badland et al., 2014). In 2006, AIHW and ACSQHC signed a partnership agreement with broad intentions to drive and enhance the safety and quality of health care by working towards more informative and usable national system of information (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) (2015). The development of set of 55 national indicators of the safety and quality of clinical care provided to patients across the Australian health care system was the primary outcome of this agreement (Cunningham et al., 2012). The framework provided by ACSQHC includes 21 actions, which will be adopted by the medical professionals to improve the practice performance and hospital services (Finkelman, 2015). This framework insists on collaborative work to revise the existing plans to design new goals. The guidelines insist the framework to be followed by all the primary, secondary and other acute care facilities (Cunningham et al., 2012). The official website of ACSQHC highlights the national patient blood management (Boyd Sheen, 2014). Blood product is essential life saving tool. Improper blood transfusion is associated with various health hazards such as allergy or Erythroblastosis foetalis. Improvement in blood collection and management will lead to decrease in morbidity and mortality rate (Engelbrecht et al., 2013). According to (Boswell et al., 2015) Effective communication among clinical staff and other team of hospital is essential for achieving the goal of quality improvement. Several communication p rograms are developed that include health literacy, summaries of electronic discharge and open disclosure (Girard Parsons, 2012). Patient fall is the other major health concern increasing since recent times (Ibrahim et al., 2014). The ACSQHC has developed guidelines for fall prevention. It mandates the hospitals to build up residential aged care facilities to arrange special care for aged and disabled patients as they are largely affected by falls (Thomas Mackintosh, 2015). Australia is conducting field trials for implementing the use of assistive robots in nursing homes for aged patients. These robots communicate much like humans and improve quality of care and emotional well-being of elderly patients (Khosla et al., 2013). In order to improve the patient safety and medication procedures two main tools were developed. These are Medication safety self-assessment for Australian hospital and Medication safety self-assessment for antithrombotic therapy in Australian Hospitals (Boyd Sheen, 2014). These tools assist the medical professionals to self-assess their safety practice performance and provide an opportunity for improvement (Cunningham et al., 2012). According to Girard Parsons, (2012), Patient engagement is another important aspect of the person-centered care. Inclusion of patients in decision-making and collaborating with them to disseminate the information is an important approach of person-centered care (Lowthian et al., 2013). The ACSQHC intends to prioritize clinical practice development and to reduce the cost due to medical errors and redundancy (McFadden et al., 2014). The commission has collaborated with Royal Australian College of General Practitioners in Australia and developed a framework for general practice accreditation. It aims to address the issues related to general practice and works to drive the goal of safety and quality improvement (Varghese, 2014). In order to improve the mental health safety, the commission has developed an appeal system and standards with National Health Service (NHS) for quality improvement of mental health services (McGorry et al., 2013). In Australia, cognitive impairment among aged population is a common issue. Hospitals are burdened with patients of dementia and Alzheimers disease (Roberts et al., 2009). The ACSQHC is engaged to Therapeutic Advisory Group to direct the quality use of mental health medication (Cunningham et al., 2012). The commission also undertakes nationally coordinated action to address health care-related infections and antimicrobial resistance through infection control guidelines (Mento et al., 2002). It focuses on the prevention of airborne, contact and droplet standard infections (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) (2015). This action is carried by ACSQHC in collaboration with Territory Department of Health (Moumtzoglou, 2012). Additionally, a Knee Pain Advisory Group is formed by the commission to address and improve the issues related to care delivered in knee osteoarthritis (Mumford et al., 2015). The Victorian State Government Department of Health and Human Services The Victorian State Government Department of Health and Human Services provides ten standards highlighting the National Safety and Quality Health service (Boyd Sheen, 2014). The first standard deals with the staff and caregivers responsibilities. The staff responsibilities include right skills, organizational support, and patient engagement in decision-making and proper training (Olds et al., 2013). To accomplish the vision annual review is performed by the management. The second standard involves consumer partnering and emphasize on collaboration with patients for quality improvement of services (Healy, 2013). Prevention and control of infection is included in third standard. It refers to maintenance of aseptic conditions and hygiene by regular cleaning and sterilization of the equipments and medical instruments. Strict guidelines are set for the staff. It mandates the clinicians to adopt the antimicrobial stewardship programs for patient support (Spooner et al., 2016). The fourth standard refers to prevention of medical errors and it adverse health effects. It explains provision of timely medical care to the patients, administration of correct medicines in right dosage and extra care while handling high-risk medicines (Boswell et al., 2015) The fifth standard includes Patient identification and procedure matching (Cunningham et al., 2012). It refers to stringent hospital conditions in correct identification of patients name and specific clinical condition and medication for which they are entitled (Staggers Blaz, 2013). There are several incidences of major health adversities due to maladministration of hospitals. Current practices include identification of patients with specific ID card and bands or other suitable measures (Healy, 2013). Clinical handover is the sixth standard refers to timely update of handover documents. It focuses on patient inclusion in decision making, discharge planning, maintaining the confidentiality of collected information (Hannaford et al., 2013). The seventh standard is the management of blood and blood products to eliminate the immunological complications arising due to error in clinical transfusions. Correct blood transfusion is essential for patients survival. The standard refers to res ponsibilities of staff in maintaining, efficient handling and storage of blood products (Engelbrech et al., 2013). Additional precautions should be taken for intravenous access equipments and a careful monitoring is required while transfusion (Moumtzoglou, 2012). The eighth standard deals with preventing, and managing pressure injuries. It highlights the strategies for preventing injuries. It also involves comprehensive skin assessment (Thomas Mackintosh, 2015). Pressure injury is highly associated with immobility during hospital admissions (Thomas Mackintosh, 2015). This area demands implementation of appropriate management plans. The other parameter is the analysis of risk assessment during the patient transfer (Swayne et al., 2012). The ninth standard is Recognition and responding to clinical deterioration in acute care facilities. The care providers need to identify and respond quickly to prevent any sudden death due to cardiac arrests and other related factors (Varghese, 2014). The standard refers to Regular monitoring of physiological changes and communicating the information to the family members of the patient and assists them with their concern (Pascoe et al., 2014). The tenth standard deals with the prevention of falls in hospital and its harm. There must be adequate care facilities for disabled and aged patients. Majority of the falls are preventable if appropriate measures are taken (Lowthian et al., 2013). Therefore, adequate strategies must be developed to prevent falls. Staff must assess each patient and note the risk of falls. Additional care and preventive measures should be taken at the time of discharge, handover and transfer of the patients (Moumtzoglou, 2012). According to the Alfred Annual Report, there is increase in improvement of health safety and quality services due to growing awareness related to healthy lifestyle, sustainability of the environment by recycling and waste management and community involvement (Girard Parsons, 2012). In addition, to the standards of Victorian State government, there are additional regulations for the allied health services (Will Weinschreider, 2012). It mainly focuses on, CPD rural health; prevention of workplace bullying, allied health graduates, heat waves associated health impacts and CCC framework. This framework directs the workers to develop structures and processes for effective health workforce based on credentialing, competency, and capability (Cunningham et al., 2012). Conclusion Quality improvement is implementing safe health care practices that are efficient, equitable, timely and patient centered. This level of focus on quality improvement did not exist several years ago. In this assignment, the author has clearly depicted the importance of quality improvement and its role in service improvement within hospitals and health services. It highlighted several benefits of improving clinical and managerial processes. As evident from peer reviewed articles these improvement programs have a potential to make the major contribution in resource poor settings. According to Hibbard Greene, (2013), Demonstrable improvements in quality may encourage greater investment in health systems in developing countries by increasing donor, population and governmental confidence that resources are being used well. The concept of data-driven as meaningful quality improvement is well justified. Managed care indicates the management of care processes and not the management of doctor s and nurses. The author has given an insight into the role of both Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care (ACSQHC) and Victorian State Government Department of Health and Human Services which provides safe and quality services based on the ten national standards. The commission has developed national safety standards, accreditation schemes are formulated and implemented and develops health related databases. The committee has laid a proper framework for managers, leaders, physicians, nurses and other health care professional who will be influenced by the goal to change the quality existing services. It works towards the goal by reducing the unwarranted variations in practice methods. In addition, it also undertakes nationally coordinated action to address health care-related infections and antimicrobial resistance. Taking into consideration, the guidelines, health standards, and accreditation schemes there will be the improvement in evidence-based care, person-centered approac h, patient engagement, increased fall prevention, protective blood transfusion and control of health care-related infections. References Anand, G., Chhajed, D., Delfin, L., (2012) Job autonomy, trust in leadership, and continuous improvement: An empirical study in health care, Operations Management Research, 5(3), 70-80, Andersen, H. B., Siemsen, I. M. D., Petersen, L. F., Nielsen, J., stergaard, D. (2015). Development and validation of a taxonomy of adverse handover events in hospital settings.Cognition, Technology Work,17(1), 79-87. Appelbaum, S.H., Habashy, S, Malo, J-L, Shafiq, H. (2012), Back to the future: revisiting Kotter's 1996 change model, Journal of Management Development, 31(8), 764-782 Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) (2015), Safety and quality of health care, Retrieved from: Badland, H., Whitzman, C., Lowe, M., Davern, M., Aye, L., Butterworth, I., ... Giles-Corti, B. (2014). Urban liveability: emerging lessons from Australia for exploring the potential for indicators to measure the social determinants of health.Social Science Medicine,111, 64-73. Boswell, J. F., Kraus, D. R., Miller, S. D., Lambert, M. J. (2015). Implementing routine outcome monitoring in clinical practice: Benefits, challenges, and solutions.Psychotherapy research,25(1), 6-19. Boswell, J. F., Kraus, D. R., Miller, S. D., Lambert, M. J. (2015). Implementing routine outcome monitoring in clinical practice: Benefits, challenges, and solutions.Psychotherapy research,25(1), 6-19. Boyd, L., Sheen, J. (2014). The national safety and quality health service standards requirements for orientation and induction within Australian Healthcare: A review of the literature.Asia Pacific journal of health management,9(3), 31-37. Coulter, M. N. E., Garrahy, P., Grenfell, R., Hoffman, M. B., Hung, J., Jacobs, I., ... Tonkin, A. (2014). Suggested citation. Cunningham, F. C., Ranmuthugala, G., Plumb, J., Georgiou, A., Westbrook, J. I., Braithwaite, J. (2012). Health professional networks as a vector for improving healthcare quality and safety: a systematic review.BMJ quality safety,21(3), 239-249. Engelbrecht, S., Wood, E. M., Cole-Sinclair, M. F. (2013). Clinical transfusion practice update: haemovigilance, complications, patient blood management and national standards.Med J Aust,199(6), 397-401.