The Problem Of Cancer Is Not The End Of The World

Every person on earth will live a long and hopefully satisfying life. Sadly, one day we will have to leave it all behind. We don’t get the choice how we get to go rather that’s in a peaceful manner or in a painful way, in which most deaths occur. More and more people die every day from cancer and it gives an image of one that ruins people’s lives. What we need to understand is that cancer is a tough challenge and it’s going to give a person hell, but there’s a reason you should fight because it’s not the end of the world as some people portray it as. Death is something you can’t run from. There is no way around it. â€Å"You can be a victim of cancer, or a survivor of cancer. It’s a mindset† –Dave Pelzer. I believe in this quote and I’m a firm believer with cancer patients truly have to make a mental decision on what route they’re going to take rather its fight or accept what is happening to you. As we jump into the vocal point of the research behind cancer and what it Intel’s scientist still struggle in some aspects to fully discover why it happens because it can be so rare and random depending on the individual. Cancer affects newborns, boys, girls, women, men and animals. The causes of how a person can develop vary in many ways because it can be a chemical reason, viruses, over exposure to certain products, smoking, tanning and hereditary from your family. A handful amount of people have developed cancer or pro longed contact with one or more of the cancer causing agents IShow M oreRelatedShould Smoking Be Banned?1457 Words   |  6 PagesBan the Cancer Sticks Lung cancer has increased within the past decade; one of the biggest reasons is that more and more people smoke now than they have in the past. Smoking causes damage not only in the lungs, but also in the body, lips, or inside the mouth. 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Due to advancements in screening and treatment, more people are now living with cancer longer than ever before. In 2014, there were close to 14.5 million people living with a cancer diagnosis and this number is going to rise nearly 5 million over the following

Managing Quality in Partnership Working with Service Users Free Essays

Central College London Module Study Guide G: Managing Quality in Partnership Working Graduate Diploma in Health and Social Care – Level 5 Module G: Managing Quality in Partnership Working The learner will: 1 Understand differing perspectives of quality and partnership working in relation to health and social care services Partnership: empowerment; independence; autonomy; power; informed choice; staff and organisation groups eg statutory, voluntary, private, independent, charitable; service users Quality: audit; quality control; role of agencies eg Care Quality Commission, NICE; role of staff and users; quality perspectives eg Servqual-Zeithaml, Parasuraman and Berry; technical quality; functional quality http://areas. kenan-flagler. unc. We will write a custom essay sample on Managing Quality in Partnership Working with Service Users or any similar topic only for you Order Now edu/Marketing/FacultyStaff/zeithaml/Selected%20Publications/SERVQUAL-%20A%20Multiple-Item%20Scale%20for%20Measuring%20Consumer%20Perceptions%20of%20Service%20Quality. pdf The learner can: 1. 1 Discuss the philosophy of working in partnership in health and social care 1. Analyse the role of external agencies in setting standards and the impact this has on service quality The learner will: 2 Understand how to promote partnership philosophies and relationships in health and social care services Partnership working: empowerment; theories of collaborative working; informed decision making; confidentiality; professional roles and responsibilities; models of working eg unified, coordinated, coalition and hybrid models; management structures; communication methods; inter-disciplinary and inter-agency working and joint working agreements. Legislation: current and relevant legislation eg safeguarding, equality, diversity, disability, data protection Organisational practices and policies: current and relevant practices; agreed ways of working; services planning procedures and employment practices for different bodies ie statutory, voluntary, specialist units; risk assessment procedures The learner can: 2. 1 Compare models of partnership working and discuss how differences in working practices and policies affect collaborative working across the sector 2. Evaluate current legislation and organisational practices and policies for partnership working in health and social care The learner will: 3Understand strategies for achieving quality in health and social care services Standards: minimum standards; best practice; benchmarks; performance indicators; charters; codes of practice; legislation eg local, national, European Implementing quality: planning, policies and procedures; target setting; audit; monitoring; review; reso urces (financial, equipment, personnel, accommodation); communication; information; adapting to change Barriers: external (inter-agency interactions, legislation, social policy); internal (risks, resources, organisational structures, interactions between people) The learner can: 3. 1 Explain the standards that exist in health and social care for measuring quality 3. 2 Evaluate different approaches to implementing quality systems 3. 3 Analyse potential barriers to delivery of quality health and social care services The learner will: 4Evaluate the outcomes of partnership working for users of services, professionals and organisations in health and social care services Outcomes for service users: positive eg improved services, empowerment, autonomy, informed decision making; negative eg neglect, abuse, harm, anger, miscommunication, information overload, confusion, duplication of service provision, disempowerment Outcomes for professionals: positive eg coordinated service provision, professional approach, clear roles and responsibilities, organised communication, preventing mistakes, efficient use of resources; negative eg professional conflict, miscommunication, time wasting, mismanagement of funding Outcomes for organisations: positive eg coherent approach, shared principles, comprehensive service provision, common working practices, integrated services; negative eg communication breakdown, disjointed service provision, increased costs, loss of shared purpose Barriers to partnership working: lack of understanding of roles and responsibilities; negative attitudes; lack of communication; not sharing information; different priorities; different attitudes and values Strategies to improve outcomes: communication; information sharing; consultation; negotiation; models of empowerment; collective multi-agency working; dealing with conflict; stakeholder analysis The learner can: 4. 1 Analyse outcomes and barriers for partnership working for users of services, professionals and organisations 4. 2 Describe strategies to improve outcomes for partnership working in health and social care services The learner will: 5 Understand methodologies for evaluating health and social care service quality Methods for assessing quality: questionnaires; focus groups; structured ans semi-structured interviews; panels, complaints procedures; open forums Perspectives: external eg inspection agencies; internal eg service standards; continuous improvement : mechanisms eg consultation, panels, user managed services The learner can: 5. 1 Analyse methods for evaluating health and social care service quality with regards to external and internal perspectives 5. 2 Discuss the impact that involving users of services in the evaluation process has on service quality ————————————————- Internal Assessment Guidance – Module D: Task 1 – Type of evidence: Presentation Assessment criteria: 1. 1, 1. 2, 4. 1, 4. 2 Additional information: Constitutes 30% of module mark Activity Review how a local health or social care provider engages with relevant partners in the delivery of their service, and how this can impact on the quality of the service they provide. You may already be familiar with this health or social care provider and have some knowledge of their approach to partnership and quality standards OR you can choose a provider and analyse their practice based on the information contained: * Within their marketing / promotional material On their website * Within their latest report from the Care Quality Commission (CQC) Please note in order to maintain confidentiality you can only refer to information that is available within the public domain Review their practice and answer the following questions in your presentation: a) How do they work in partnership with: outside agencies; specialist services; se rvice users; professional bodies; voluntary and other organisations? (1. 1) b) How do these partnerships impact the quality of service provided? 1. 2) c) Analyse outcomes and barriers for partnership working with service users within this service (4. 1) d) Describe strategies that could improve outcomes for partnership working within this service (4. 2) You will need to prepare a presentation of approximately 10 minutes duration to illustrate your answers to the questions above. In your presentation you need to include copies of slides and presentation notes and submit a copy to your assessor. Your final slide should list correctly any references used. Presentation date: Week 3 Task 2 – Type of evidence: Report Assessment criteria: All of 2, 3 and 5. Constitutes 50% of the module mark Additional information: Word limit 1500 words Activity Using information available related to the health or social care provider that was the focus of your presentation for Task 1, submit a report answering the following questions: 1) Identify positive aspects of partnership practice within the service, and discuss how partnership practice could be improved (2. ) 2) Evaluate how relevant legislation is implemented to affect organisational practice related to partnership working (2. 2) 3) Explain at least five standards that exist for measuring quality (3. 1) 4) Identify and evaluate approaches to implementing quality systems (3. 2) 5) Analyse any barriers or potential barriers to delivering a good quality service (3. 3) 6) Analyse methods used for evaluating the quality of the service provided (5. 1) 7) Discuss the impact of any involvement of services users in the evaluation of service quality (5. 2) In order to promote confidentiality, ensure that you only refer to material and information that is available within the public domain. All sources of evidence should be accurately referenced at the end of your report. Task 3- Essay (500-700 words) . This will constitute 20% of the module mark. Reflect and write an essay which will identify what you have learned from this module to include personal strengths and weaknesses during the learning process. Highlight any need that will require development for the future which would enhance your employability. Submission date: 17/05/2013 How to cite Managing Quality in Partnership Working with Service Users, Papers

Concept of Quality Improvement and Role of ACSQHC

Question: Discuss concept of quality improvement and reole of ACSQHC. Answer: Introduction In this report, the author will discuss the concept and significance of the quality improvement in health care. The author will detail the role of Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care and the Victorian State Government Department of Health and Human Services. Quality improvement Quality improvement in health care can be defined as the combined effort of medical professionals, researchers, educators, patients and their families to achieve better patient outcomes through effective changes in the health care (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW), (2015). Every change may not lead to the improvement unless it makes full use of "science of disease biology" (Greenfield et al., 2015). Therefore, the change must include generalisable scientific knowledge, and the care is delivered in macrosystem, microsystem, and mesosystem in a modified way (Will Weinschreider, 2012). The changes refer to enhanced medical care facilities and improved health outcomes. Meeting the needs and expectations of the patients is the key to measuring the quality of services (Winters et al., 2013). Such practices include evidence-based care, patient engagement, provision of care with effective coordination with another part of the health care system, patient-centered care, and c are including culture competence and linguistically appropriate (Boswell et al., 2015). There are ten national standards, which regulate the quality, and safety of the health services, which ultimately improves the patient outcomes (Boy Sheen, 2014). The primary standards are: Prevention of the health infections Partnership with the consumers Safety related to medical services Measurement of safety and quality of health service Identification and application of correct health plan for the patient prevention of pressure injuries Blood product management Recognition of clinical deterioration Prevention of fall Handover of the patient in a clinical emergency (Hannaford et al., 2013) The Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care (ACSQHC) along with Victorian State Government Department of Health and Human services plays a significant role in quality improvement of health services (Hibbard Greene, 2013). These bodies govern and monitor the ten national standards. Based on these standards these governing bodies have formulated their guidelines for further improvement of health organizations. Evidence-based practice is gaining importance all over the world. It includes the principle of support or rejection of a treatment based on evidence, experienced clinical judgment in identification of "unique health state and diagnosis" and values/preferences of clients (McCalman et al., 2012). Together with patient-centered care it is the best measurement of health quality improvement. Additionally, effective collaboration between heath care professionals and correct leadership style is essential for a right working environment (Cunningham et al., 2012). The author will further discuss the role of ACSQHC in an improvement of hospitals and health services. There exists the range of benefits with an implementation of quality improvement programs that reflect the importance of these programs in health care settings. These include improved patient health with reduced mortality and morbidity with increased managerial processes (McFadden et al., 2014). By improving clinical processes, excess cost due to system failure or medical errors and redundancy is reduced. Those organizations committed to such quality services reflect a culture of positivity and improvement development (Healy, 2013). It will, in turn, improve the communication, funding and partnership opportunities. It ensures the reliability and predictability of the services. Overall the organization will have a balance of quality, efficiency, and profitability in its accomplishments of goals (Hibbard Greene, 2013). Role of Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care ( ACSQHC) (200) The Council of Australian Governments has established ACSQHC to coordinate and lead national improvements in health care safety and quality (Boyd Sheen, 2014). This aim includes involvement of Health Ministers to drive desired improvements by providing them "strategic advice on best practices." The National Health Reform Act 2011 as an independent and permanent authority under the Commonwealth Authorities and Companies Act 1997 specifies the roles of ACSQHC and its responsibilities (Huber, 2013). Since 2014, Public Governance, Performance and Accountability Act 2013 governs it (Boyd Sheen, 2014). To achieve its aim, ACSQHC will develop "national safety and clinical standards formulate and implement national accreditation schemes and develop national datasets". In addition, it will identify and decrease any unwarranted variation in services and patient outcomes (Healy, 2013). This unwarranted variation includes misuse or underuse of health services, a discrepancy in productivity and health care safety and quality (Kyrkjeb and Hanestad, (2009). It will work towards nationally coordinated action to address infections associated with health care and antimicrobial resistance (Lowthian et al., 2013). It also attempts to develop "clinical care standards" to provide care based on specific clinical conditions of a patient. The clinical standards will focus on the "areas of high volume, high-cost care where there is known variation from well-established models of care" (Boyd Sheen, 2014). It supports its role in achieving its goal by obtaining the range of data, interprets the same by its analysis, disseminates the information related to safety and quality of health care, and publishes reports of the same. According to Greenfield et al., (2015) ACSQHC promotes health care safety and quality awareness as well as awareness of clinical and health service standards by engaging with range of stakeholders, State and Territory Governments, private sector health providers, clinicians, public health bodies and consumers (Healy, 2013). The ACSQHC vision for Australias health care improvement comprises of three core principles that are consumer-centered, information supported and safety organization (Huber, 2013). In 2012, ACSQHC implemented the National Safety and Quality Health Service Standards (NSQHS) (Hannaford et al., 2013). These provide guidelines for increased safety and quality in particular areas of practice. It identified clinical governance as the "core aspect of the health service safety and quality" (Healy, 2013). The nature of these standards is evidence based which requires the initiative of clinical governance found on prior learning and research (Boyd Sheen, 2014). The ACSQHC works with jurisdictions to coordinate the implementation of those standards and monitor their effectiveness. It will administer the accreditation of health care professionals through Australian Health Services Safety and Quality Accreditation Scheme (AHSSQA) (Greenfield et al., 2015). ACSQHC together with the National Health Performance Authority strive for identification and development of indicators of the safety and quality performance of the health system (Ibrahim et al., 2014). These indicators help the care providers in improving their performance. It will support and assist the accrediting agencies to implement the standards of NSQHS (Boswell et al., 2015). In Queensland, AHSSQA is mandatory for hospitals, multipurpose health centers and day procedure units (Greenfield et al., 2015). It uses ten standards of NSQHS, replacing the clinical standards, which the accreditation agencies used previously. State and territory health departments regulate the requirement for accreditation. It monitors the outcomes on a timely basis for rectifying the practice performance. According to Boyd Sheen, (2014) "ACSQHC will continue to coordinate the establishment of these processes and the related activity of health service accrediting agencies and monitor the effectiveness of the NSQHS Standards". The mental health service is to maintain accreditation against the NSQHS Standards and the National Standards for Mental Health Services (Badland et al., 2014). In 2006, AIHW and ACSQHC signed a partnership agreement with broad intentions to drive and enhance the safety and quality of health care by working towards more informative and usable national system of information (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) (2015). The development of set of 55 national indicators of the safety and quality of clinical care provided to patients across the Australian health care system was the primary outcome of this agreement (Cunningham et al., 2012). The framework provided by ACSQHC includes 21 actions, which will be adopted by the medical professionals to improve the practice performance and hospital services (Finkelman, 2015). This framework insists on collaborative work to revise the existing plans to design new goals. The guidelines insist the framework to be followed by all the primary, secondary and other acute care facilities (Cunningham et al., 2012). The official website of ACSQHC highlights the national patient blood management (Boyd Sheen, 2014). Blood product is essential life saving tool. Improper blood transfusion is associated with various health hazards such as allergy or Erythroblastosis foetalis. Improvement in blood collection and management will lead to decrease in morbidity and mortality rate (Engelbrecht et al., 2013). According to (Boswell et al., 2015) Effective communication among clinical staff and other team of hospital is essential for achieving the goal of quality improvement. Several communication p rograms are developed that include health literacy, summaries of electronic discharge and open disclosure (Girard Parsons, 2012). Patient fall is the other major health concern increasing since recent times (Ibrahim et al., 2014). The ACSQHC has developed guidelines for fall prevention. It mandates the hospitals to build up residential aged care facilities to arrange special care for aged and disabled patients as they are largely affected by falls (Thomas Mackintosh, 2015). Australia is conducting field trials for implementing the use of assistive robots in nursing homes for aged patients. These robots communicate much like humans and improve quality of care and emotional well-being of elderly patients (Khosla et al., 2013). In order to improve the patient safety and medication procedures two main tools were developed. These are Medication safety self-assessment for Australian hospital and Medication safety self-assessment for antithrombotic therapy in Australian Hospitals (Boyd Sheen, 2014). These tools assist the medical professionals to self-assess their safety practice performance and provide an opportunity for improvement (Cunningham et al., 2012). According to Girard Parsons, (2012), Patient engagement is another important aspect of the person-centered care. Inclusion of patients in decision-making and collaborating with them to disseminate the information is an important approach of person-centered care (Lowthian et al., 2013). The ACSQHC intends to prioritize clinical practice development and to reduce the cost due to medical errors and redundancy (McFadden et al., 2014). The commission has collaborated with Royal Australian College of General Practitioners in Australia and developed a framework for general practice accreditation. It aims to address the issues related to general practice and works to drive the goal of safety and quality improvement (Varghese, 2014). In order to improve the mental health safety, the commission has developed an appeal system and standards with National Health Service (NHS) for quality improvement of mental health services (McGorry et al., 2013). In Australia, cognitive impairment among aged population is a common issue. Hospitals are burdened with patients of dementia and Alzheimers disease (Roberts et al., 2009). The ACSQHC is engaged to Therapeutic Advisory Group to direct the quality use of mental health medication (Cunningham et al., 2012). The commission also undertakes nationally coordinated action to address health care-related infections and antimicrobial resistance through infection control guidelines (Mento et al., 2002). It focuses on the prevention of airborne, contact and droplet standard infections (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) (2015). This action is carried by ACSQHC in collaboration with Territory Department of Health (Moumtzoglou, 2012). Additionally, a Knee Pain Advisory Group is formed by the commission to address and improve the issues related to care delivered in knee osteoarthritis (Mumford et al., 2015). The Victorian State Government Department of Health and Human Services The Victorian State Government Department of Health and Human Services provides ten standards highlighting the National Safety and Quality Health service (Boyd Sheen, 2014). The first standard deals with the staff and caregivers responsibilities. The staff responsibilities include right skills, organizational support, and patient engagement in decision-making and proper training (Olds et al., 2013). To accomplish the vision annual review is performed by the management. The second standard involves consumer partnering and emphasize on collaboration with patients for quality improvement of services (Healy, 2013). Prevention and control of infection is included in third standard. It refers to maintenance of aseptic conditions and hygiene by regular cleaning and sterilization of the equipments and medical instruments. Strict guidelines are set for the staff. It mandates the clinicians to adopt the antimicrobial stewardship programs for patient support (Spooner et al., 2016). The fourth standard refers to prevention of medical errors and it adverse health effects. It explains provision of timely medical care to the patients, administration of correct medicines in right dosage and extra care while handling high-risk medicines (Boswell et al., 2015) The fifth standard includes Patient identification and procedure matching (Cunningham et al., 2012). It refers to stringent hospital conditions in correct identification of patients name and specific clinical condition and medication for which they are entitled (Staggers Blaz, 2013). There are several incidences of major health adversities due to maladministration of hospitals. Current practices include identification of patients with specific ID card and bands or other suitable measures (Healy, 2013). Clinical handover is the sixth standard refers to timely update of handover documents. It focuses on patient inclusion in decision making, discharge planning, maintaining the confidentiality of collected information (Hannaford et al., 2013). The seventh standard is the management of blood and blood products to eliminate the immunological complications arising due to error in clinical transfusions. Correct blood transfusion is essential for patients survival. The standard refers to res ponsibilities of staff in maintaining, efficient handling and storage of blood products (Engelbrech et al., 2013). Additional precautions should be taken for intravenous access equipments and a careful monitoring is required while transfusion (Moumtzoglou, 2012). The eighth standard deals with preventing, and managing pressure injuries. It highlights the strategies for preventing injuries. It also involves comprehensive skin assessment (Thomas Mackintosh, 2015). Pressure injury is highly associated with immobility during hospital admissions (Thomas Mackintosh, 2015). This area demands implementation of appropriate management plans. The other parameter is the analysis of risk assessment during the patient transfer (Swayne et al., 2012). The ninth standard is Recognition and responding to clinical deterioration in acute care facilities. The care providers need to identify and respond quickly to prevent any sudden death due to cardiac arrests and other related factors (Varghese, 2014). The standard refers to Regular monitoring of physiological changes and communicating the information to the family members of the patient and assists them with their concern (Pascoe et al., 2014). The tenth standard deals with the prevention of falls in hospital and its harm. There must be adequate care facilities for disabled and aged patients. Majority of the falls are preventable if appropriate measures are taken (Lowthian et al., 2013). Therefore, adequate strategies must be developed to prevent falls. Staff must assess each patient and note the risk of falls. Additional care and preventive measures should be taken at the time of discharge, handover and transfer of the patients (Moumtzoglou, 2012). According to the Alfred Annual Report, there is increase in improvement of health safety and quality services due to growing awareness related to healthy lifestyle, sustainability of the environment by recycling and waste management and community involvement (Girard Parsons, 2012). In addition, to the standards of Victorian State government, there are additional regulations for the allied health services (Will Weinschreider, 2012). It mainly focuses on, CPD rural health; prevention of workplace bullying, allied health graduates, heat waves associated health impacts and CCC framework. This framework directs the workers to develop structures and processes for effective health workforce based on credentialing, competency, and capability (Cunningham et al., 2012). Conclusion Quality improvement is implementing safe health care practices that are efficient, equitable, timely and patient centered. This level of focus on quality improvement did not exist several years ago. In this assignment, the author has clearly depicted the importance of quality improvement and its role in service improvement within hospitals and health services. It highlighted several benefits of improving clinical and managerial processes. As evident from peer reviewed articles these improvement programs have a potential to make the major contribution in resource poor settings. According to Hibbard Greene, (2013), Demonstrable improvements in quality may encourage greater investment in health systems in developing countries by increasing donor, population and governmental confidence that resources are being used well. The concept of data-driven as meaningful quality improvement is well justified. Managed care indicates the management of care processes and not the management of doctor s and nurses. The author has given an insight into the role of both Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care (ACSQHC) and Victorian State Government Department of Health and Human Services which provides safe and quality services based on the ten national standards. The commission has developed national safety standards, accreditation schemes are formulated and implemented and develops health related databases. The committee has laid a proper framework for managers, leaders, physicians, nurses and other health care professional who will be influenced by the goal to change the quality existing services. It works towards the goal by reducing the unwarranted variations in practice methods. In addition, it also undertakes nationally coordinated action to address health care-related infections and antimicrobial resistance. Taking into consideration, the guidelines, health standards, and accreditation schemes there will be the improvement in evidence-based care, person-centered approac h, patient engagement, increased fall prevention, protective blood transfusion and control of health care-related infections. References Anand, G., Chhajed, D., Delfin, L., (2012) Job autonomy, trust in leadership, and continuous improvement: An empirical study in health care, Operations Management Research, 5(3), 70-80, Andersen, H. B., Siemsen, I. M. D., Petersen, L. F., Nielsen, J., stergaard, D. (2015). Development and validation of a taxonomy of adverse handover events in hospital settings.Cognition, Technology Work,17(1), 79-87. Appelbaum, S.H., Habashy, S, Malo, J-L, Shafiq, H. (2012), Back to the future: revisiting Kotter's 1996 change model, Journal of Management Development, 31(8), 764-782 Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) (2015), Safety and quality of health care, Retrieved from: Badland, H., Whitzman, C., Lowe, M., Davern, M., Aye, L., Butterworth, I., ... Giles-Corti, B. (2014). Urban liveability: emerging lessons from Australia for exploring the potential for indicators to measure the social determinants of health.Social Science Medicine,111, 64-73. Boswell, J. F., Kraus, D. R., Miller, S. D., Lambert, M. J. (2015). Implementing routine outcome monitoring in clinical practice: Benefits, challenges, and solutions.Psychotherapy research,25(1), 6-19. Boswell, J. F., Kraus, D. R., Miller, S. D., Lambert, M. J. (2015). Implementing routine outcome monitoring in clinical practice: Benefits, challenges, and solutions.Psychotherapy research,25(1), 6-19. Boyd, L., Sheen, J. (2014). The national safety and quality health service standards requirements for orientation and induction within Australian Healthcare: A review of the literature.Asia Pacific journal of health management,9(3), 31-37. Coulter, M. N. E., Garrahy, P., Grenfell, R., Hoffman, M. B., Hung, J., Jacobs, I., ... Tonkin, A. (2014). Suggested citation. Cunningham, F. C., Ranmuthugala, G., Plumb, J., Georgiou, A., Westbrook, J. I., Braithwaite, J. (2012). Health professional networks as a vector for improving healthcare quality and safety: a systematic review.BMJ quality safety,21(3), 239-249. Engelbrecht, S., Wood, E. M., Cole-Sinclair, M. F. (2013). Clinical transfusion practice update: haemovigilance, complications, patient blood management and national standards.Med J Aust,199(6), 397-401.

Edgar Allan Poe/American gothic literature Essay Example

Edgar Allan Poe/American gothic literature Paper Gargoyles Supposed to ward off evil spirits and was considered the mascot of the gothic Considered the master of the gothic form Edgar Allan Poe Writers way of incorporating gothic Writers were peering into the darkness at the supernatural (evil) Writers way of incorporating romanticism Writers celebrated the beauties of nature (hope) Where did the Gothic Literary tradition came to be in part From the gothic architecture of the middle ages High stained-glass windows Were intended to inspire awe and fear in religious worships What did Gothic and romanticism spawn frkm The age of reasom Effect of war on gothic After the real horrors of the civil war, it got less popular Gothic comeback in south 20th century Edgar Allan Poe (early life) Born in Boston and 1of3 Poes parents Actors, dad left, mom died of tuberculosis John and Francis Allan Poes adopted parents in Richmond, VA University of Virginia he started there in 1826 but had to leave due to reckless habits Moving back to Boston In 1827 poe moved back to Boston and published his first book Tamerlane and other poesms Tamerlane and other poems Army In 1828 Poe was flat broke and enlisted in the army, his stepdad got an appointment at Westpoint, but found it confining, and made sure he got expelled Baltimore Moved to Baltimore briefly Virginia and marriage In 1836 Poe was 27 and married his 13-year-old cousin for money. he soon goes back to New York and publishers a short novel Philadelphia He moves to Philadelphia and in 1839 becomes an editor at burtons and wrote short stories. After getting fired at burtons He tried to start his own and failed. He accepted a job as editor at Grahams publishing wher he published his first detective story, the murders in the Rue Morgue The raven 1845 The gold bug This story was successful and made him recognize. He used cryptography in this story. Soon after his wife Virginia dies tuberculosis 1849 He was struggling and depressed and collapses on the Baltimore Street. A few days later he dies Biography A rival wrote a biography about him Cryptography Two Greek words, Kryptos (hidden), and graph (writing) Encryption The conversion of information from a readable state to apparent nonsense Modern cryptography Heavily based on mathematical theory In the beginning In the beginning many people were illiterate so they use of cryptography wasnt necessary Types of cypher Transposition and substitution cypher Poe loved cryptography He put advertisements for solving Cyphers and he wouldnt stop thinking about them until they were solved

Youth, by Joseph Conrad essays

Youth, by Joseph Conrad essays Joseph Conrad suffered from a sudden visit from reality. Before he went took a trip to the Congo, he thought he was still a youth; he had an adolescent mindset of invincibility. However, in the Congo, Conrad realized, Hey, Im old. He became self-conscious. From then on, Conrad viewed life with an incredible sense of indifferent pessimism. He regretted not being young while also not caring because he knew he couldnt do anything about it. However, he admired youth. This mindset worked its way into his books and stories. Each of the main characters initial adventuring optimism was now threatened by disillusion and self-doubt. Marlow, the narrator of the story in Youth, is telling of his experiences as a sailor. The story is a recount of his trip from England to Bangkok. It details the hardships endured by the sailors and insights into the speakers thoughts. The syntax throughout the story is that of optimism and adventure. The diction is arranged to present a gripping tale, one of suspense and anxiety. This seems to contradict all that Conrad had come to believe about the existence of mankind, but Conrad addressed this by having the main character retell his story as an aging man who likes to incorporate spontaneous anecdotes into the tale. The speaker tells the story with a certain bias toward pessimism. After each riveting portion of the story, Marlow kills the spirit of adventure injecting a pessimistic phrase about how his youth is gone forever. For example, after retelling the story of the October gale of 22 years ago and the exciting hardships endured by the crew during that event, Marlow states, ...youth, strength, genius, thoughts, achievements, simple hearts all die...No matter. Again, when describing the Judea, I think of her with pleasure...with regret as you would think of someone dead you have loved....

Assess Client and Manage Patient for Respiratory-myassignmenthelp

Respiratory- The most urgent nursing assessment priority is to conduct respiratory assessment of patient to get information related to respiratory rate, auscultation of the lungs and oxygen saturation rate of patient after fall. This is important because high falls often cause soft tissue injury to lungs and may lead to subdural hematoma (Granhed et al. 2017). Hence, respiratory assessment may give idea about level of respiratory problem or soft tissue injury in patient after fall. GIT and metabolic- This assessment is important for patients because Jake has mainly complained about abdomen pain since admission to the ED. During this assessment, information about past medical history, current lifestyle and medication and nutritional uptake is necessary to determine the impact of any of these factors in contributing to stomach pain. It may indicate about intolerance to some food or side effects of medication since Jake is talking many medications. Onset, intensity and duration of pain will help to determine the correct medication for patient too (Macaluso   and McNamara 2012). CVS- As the patient sustained fall from high height, checking vital signs like blood pressure and heart rate is necessary to identify symptoms of anxiety and heart rate variability in patients after fall. It may also give idea about the cardiovascular causes of falls (Palvanen et al. 2014) CNS- CNS assessment is important for Jake because fall from high height might have resulted in brain injury in patient and it may help to predict level of consciousness in patient after fall. This assessment may help the nurse to take further action to minimize future fall incidents. Renal- Falls are associated with decrease in renal function in patient and renal assessment might indicate about fluid balances status and urinary pattern after fall (Gallagher, Rapuri and Smith 2007). Skin- Skin assessment is also a vital assessment for patients as he might have sustained several skin injury and color of skin, temperature and moisture can give idea about any skin infection. Psychological and discharge- Assessment in this area is needed to understand Jake’s emotion and view after fall. This will to gather motivation of patient for recovery and mental capacity to handle challenges in the treatment process. The essential nursing assessment for patient with left sided chest pain will be to collect HEART score of patients as it will give data related to history, ECG, age, risk factors and troponin (Six et al. 2013). The data can help to determine the ischemic nature of chest pain in Jake. The PQRST assessment tool can also help to determine the main factor and severity of pain patient. As Jake has history of hypertension, the BP assessment of patient will also be essential to determine the cardiovascular risk status of patient and cardiovascular cause of chest pain (Daskalopoulou et al. 2015). Left sided chest pain is an indication of heart disorder. Blood clot in the lung or pneumothorax can also lead to sharp pain and chances of this are high in Jake due to fall.   Te immediate nursing intervention for left sided chain pain will include immediate vital sign assessment of patient and making Jake sit in a semi-Fowler position to review pain. Oxygenation and relevant drugs will also be needed to reduce the intensity of pain (Abbas 2014). The rational for taking HEART score of patient is that this tool considers the risk stratification component responsible for chest pain and so it can help the clinician to make accurate diagnostic and therapeutic choices for patients like Jake (Six, Backus and Kelder 2008). The main advantage of considering semi-fowler’s position for patient with chest pain is that it facilitates airway management and relieving breathing difficulty in Jake due to chest pain (Godden and CPAN 2016). In addition, oxygen supplementation decreases the pain level if it is ischemic in nature (Raut and Maheshwari 2016). Two actual nursing complications due to left sided chest pain include shortness of breath in patient and risk of heart failure in patient. The two potential nursing complications evident due to left sided chest pain are development of precarditis and postinfarction angina in patient. 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Complain of left sided chest pain in patient  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Monitor and document characteristics, intensity and heart rate or BP changes due to pain  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Review past medical history of myocardial infarction in patient This nursing intervention will give idea about level of anxiety and intensity of pain in patients (Than et al. 2014). Pain documentation is crucial for resolution of patient’s problem 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Risk of ineffective tissue perfusion due to fall injury and abdominal pain  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Assessment of skin, peripheral pulse, edema and vital signs in patient  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Assessment of GI function Due to fall from high height, injuries might contribute to pulmonary complications in patients and abdominal pain. Hence, vital sign and skin assessment is critical to assess GI dysfunction and other complication in Jake after falls (Morton et al. 2017). This intervention is beneficial to prevent risk of complication in patients 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Risk of excess fluid volume due to fall  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Maintain fluid intake in patients Auscultation is beneficial in identify and manage risk of heart failure. Maintaining fluid intake is necessary to enhance fluid retention. Jake also take two cans of beer everyday and restricting the use of beer is also necessary for recovery of patient (Platz et al. 2016) Risk of heart failure and circulatory problem in patient can be controlled 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Discomfort in patient due to chest and abdominal pain  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Consider repositioning patients and proving analgesics Positioning will facilitate airway management in patient and analgesics will cause pain relief (Cortà ©s, DiCenso and McKelvie 2015) It is an effective intervention to minimize discomfort and intensity of pain in Jake 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Anxiety or fearful attitude in Jake due to chest and abdominal pain and fall injuries  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Communicate with patient and identify perception and feelings of anger or grief in patient  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Orient patient to routine and expected activities Communication with patient is important to know about coping capability of patient and reduce symptoms of depression. Orienting to routine activities distract patients from emotional stress and lead to improvement in signs of depression (Jayasinghe et al. 2014) Patient’s expression about current and future worries will help to take adequate steps to mitigate symptoms of anxiety in patient 6.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Acute abdominal pain in patient Abdominal pain in patient might also be caused by diarrhea. Hence, it is necessary to assess bowel movement in patient Bowel movement will help to determine the appropriate food and medications needed for patient to reduce pain Bowel pattern assessment is critical to proactively assess symptoms of nausea, constipation and diarrhea in patient 7.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Risk of bone or muscle injuries due to fall  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Conduct skeletal/muscular assessment of patient Clinical assessment would help to evaluate the severity of muscle or bone injury On the basis of   severity of injury, the nurse can consult the clinician regarding the use of conventional treatment option of medication or going for physiotherapy (Phelan et al. 2014) 8.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Prevent infection in patient  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Implement hand hygiene and infection control intervention for Jake Due to fall, Jake is dependent on major activities of daily living. This may increase the risk of infection in patient. Hence, maintaining adequate hand hygiene and infection prevention technique is essential to prevent infection (Anderson et al. 2014) Infection control will minimize development of other complications in Jake  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Regular PQRST assessment is necessary to analyze different factors contributing to pain Routine assessment of chest pain is critical to reduce the risk of myocardial infarction or heart attack in patient PQRST is a structured assessment method to identify the characteristics, intensity and cause of chest pain. Increased dependence in activities of daily living Provide assistance to Jake while walking, moving, dressing and going to washroom Support is ADLs is critical to complete daily life activities and reduce risk of fall in health care setting It is most effective step to support patient during difficulties in ADLs. Low physical activity and risk of obesity related complication in patient Provide guidance in physical therapy and moderate exercise intervention This I s essential to maintain minimum level of physical activity in patients Moderate exercise improved quality of life of critically ill patients Abbas, A.D., 2014. Evaluation Of Nurses ¢ Practices Concerning Chest Pain Management For Patients In The Emergency Unit.  Kufa Journal for Nursing Sciences, 4(1).‎ Anderson, D.J., Podgorny, K., Berrà ­os-Torres, S.I., Bratzler, D.W., Dellinger, E.P., Greene, L., Nyquist, A.C., Saiman, L., Yokoe, D.S., Maragakis, L.L. and Kaye, K.S., 2014. Strategies to prevent surgical site infections in acute care hospitals: 2014 update.  Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology,  35(S2), pp.S66-S88. Cortà ©s, O.L., DiCenso, A. and McKelvie, R., 2015. Mobilization Patterns of Patients After an Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Pilot Study.  Clinical nursing research,  24(2), pp.139-155. Daskalopoulou, S.S., Rabi, D.M., Zarnke, K.B., Dasgupta, K., Nerenberg, K., Cloutier, L., Gelfer, M., Lamarre-Cliche, M., Milot, A., Bolli, P. and McKay, D.W., 2015. The 2015 Canadian Hypertension Education Program recommendations for blood pressure measurement, diagnosis, assessment of risk, prevention, and treatment of hypertension.  Canadian Journal of Cardiology,  31(5), pp.549-568. Doherty?King, B., Yoon, J.Y., Pecanac, K., Brown, R. and Mahoney, J., 2014. Frequency and duration of nursing care related to older patient mobility.  Journal of Nursing Scholarship,  46(1), pp.20-27. Gallagher, J.C., Rapuri, P. and Smith, L., 2007. Falls are associated with decreased renal function and insufficient calcitriol production by the kidney.  The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology,  103(3), pp.610-613. Godden, B. and CPAN, C., 2016. Airway issues.  Perianesthesia Nursing Care, p.23. Granhed, H., Altgà ¤rde, E., Akyà ¼rek, L.M. and David, P., 2017. Injuries Sustained by Falls-A Review.  Trauma & Acute Care. Ho, P.M., Lambert-Kerzner, A., Carey, E.P., Fahdi, I.E., Bryson, C.L., Melnyk, S.D., Bosworth, H.B., Radcliff, T., Davis, R., Mun, H. and Weaver, J., 2014. Multifaceted intervention to improve medication adherence and secondary prevention measures after acute coronary syndrome hospital discharge: a randomized clinical trial.  JAMA internal medicine,  174(2), pp.186-193. Jayasinghe, N., Sparks, M.A., Kato, K., Wyka, K., Wilbur, K., Chiaramonte, G., Barie, P.S., Lachs, M.S., O'Dell, M., Evans, A. and Bruce, M.L., 2014. Posttraumatic stress symptoms in older adults hospitalized for fall injury.  General hospital psychiatry,  36(6), pp.669-673. Macaluso, C.R. and McNamara, R.M., 2012. Evaluation and management of acute abdominal pain in the emergency department.  International journal of general medicine,  5, p.789. Morris, P.B., Ference, B.A., Jahangir, E., Feldman, D.N., Ryan, J.J., Bahrami, H., El-Chami, M.F., Bhakta, S., Winchester, D.E., Al-Mallah, M.H. and Shields, M.S., 2015. Cardiovascular effects of exposure to cigarette smoke and electronic cigarettes.  Journal of the American College of Cardiology,  66(12), pp.1378-1391. Morton, P.G., Fontaine, D., Hudak, C.M. and Gallo, B.M., 2017.  Critical care nursing: a holistic approach. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Palvanen, M., Kannus, P., Piirtola, M., Niemi, S., Parkkari, J. and Jà ¤rvinen, M., 2014. Effectiveness of the Chaos Falls Clinic in preventing falls and injuries of home-dwelling older adults: a randomised controlled trial.  Injury,  45(1), pp.265-271. Phelan, E.A., Mahoney, J.E., Voit, J.C. and Stevens, J.A., 2015. Assessment and management of fall risk in primary care settings.  The Medical clinics of North America,  99(2), p.281. Platz, E., Lewis, E.F., Uno, H., Peck, J., Pivetta, E., Merz, A.A., Hempel, D., Wilson, C., Frasure, S.E., Jhund, P.S. and Cheng, S., 2016. Detection and prognostic value of pulmonary congestion by lung ultrasound in ambulatory heart failure patients.  European heart journal,  37(15), pp.1244-1251. Raut, M.S. and Maheshwari, A., 2016. Oxygen supplementation in acute myocardial infarction: To be or not to be?.  Annals of cardiac anaesthesia,  19(2), p.342. Six, A.J., Backus, B.E. and Kelder, J.C., 2008. Chest pain in the emergency room: value of the HEART score.  Netherlands Heart Journal,  16(6), pp.191-196. Six, A.J., Cullen, L., Backus, B.E., Greenslade, J., Parsonage, W., Aldous, S., Doevendans, P.A. and Than, M., 2013. The HEART score for the assessment of patients with chest pain in the emergency department: a multinational validation study.  Critical pathways in cardiology,  12(3), pp.121-126. Than, M., Aldous, S., Lord, S.J., Goodacre, S., Frampton, C.M., Troughton, R., George, P., Florkowski, C.M., Ardagh, M., Smyth, D. and Jardine, D.L., 2014. A 2-hour diagnostic protocol for possible cardiac chest pain in the emergency department: a randomized clinical trial.  JAMA internal medicine,  174(1), pp.51-58.

The Federal Reserve Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Federal Reserve - Essay Example Stable prices in a long-term run are requirements for moderate long-term interest rates, maximum employment, and sustainable output growth. This is because, when prices are stable, the prices of services, goods, labor, and other materials are usually less affected by inflation. They also provide guidelines for the allocation of national resources and support services, thereby contributing to higher standards of living (Grey, 2002). Additionally, stable prices normally enhance capital formation and savings. This is because when the value of assets are being eroded due to inflation, there is always a need guard the assets against losses. This usually encourages businesses to invest more while households are encouraged to save more (Grey, 2002). The Federal Reserve Banks control the market for balances, which provides the initial link between the economy and the monetary policy. Depository institutions usually hold accounts at the Federal Reserve Banks, and they trade their balances at the federal funds market at a certain interest rate referred to as the federal funds rate (Grey, 2002). The Federal Reserve Banks have significant influence on the federal funds rate via its influence over demand and supply of the balances, at its premises. The Federal Reserve Banks normally set the federal funds rate at a level, which enhances monetary and financial conditions that are consistent with the monetary policy objectives. These banks also manipulate their targets that are consistent with the emerging economic developments (Grey, 2002). Therefore, a slight change in the federal funds rate and expectations about the future targets of federal funds rate can trigger a number of events, which will affect other long-term interest rates, short-term interest rates, stock prices, and foreign exchange of the dollar (Grey, 2002). Changes in these variables, in turn, affect businesses and households’

Effects of Quality Management on Domestic and Global Competition Paper Research

Effects of Quality Management on Domestic and Global Competition - Research Paper Example As it is stated in their website, the passengers of Southwest Airlines must possess federal government-issued picture identification; an exception is given to people under the age 18 (Southwest.com). The South west Airlines has designed special provision for the customers who are age 65 and older. Similarly, they have arranged high tech facilities for the issue of boarding passes. The customers can receive boarding passes from the Skycap Counter (situated in selected locations) and check luggage four hours prior to the scheduled departure (Lufthansa). The Airport Arrival chart helps passengers to check the time of flights. The boarding passes are categorized into several groups as A, B, and C on the basis of the fare they purchased. Likewise, extreme facilities are offered to kids and disable persons. In the case of Lufthansa, they have been using ultra modern technologies in order to provide maximum conveniences to customers. Their checking-in system is based on the application of c heck-in machine. In order to take advantage of the system, passengers are required to possess an electronic ticket. This system is effectively employed in various other procedures also such as baggage checking and passport registration.

Aqualisa Quartz Case Essay Example for Free

Aqualisa Quartz Case Essay Aqualisa Quartz In the targeting market, we tend to target plumbers and end users (Middle to high income) because most of the end users are suggested by the plumbers. The others might buy from showrooms. Therefore, we have to target them as well Positioning Statement To middle-high income customers, Aqualisa Quartz is a high premium shower brand which come under mixer shower category that offers quality and latest innovation because Aqualisa Quartz has benefits in water pressure, ease of installation, use and design. HOW 12775 comes ? This number is come from the fact that case study states that unit sold of Quartz is between 30-40 units per day. So we take the mean which is 35 units and times 365 days. Therefore, the unit sold per year is 12775. Problems: The problem for Aqualizer is that Plumbers are lack of knowledge and innovation of Aqualisa Quartz. Moreover, most customer decisions rely on plumbers. Second issue is the bad experience of electronic shower that customers and plumbers had. The last main issue is that brand perception towards Aqualisa Quartz from Customer is very low because customers do not perceive the value of Aqualisa Quartz and the group of only high income customers (Current target) is quite too small. Solutions: 4Ps * Product * Price * Place However, the product, price and place will remain the same, because Aqualisa quartz is a new product and latest innovative shower so the functions and features are the most improvement at the time (Temperature control, ease of installation, design, water pressure and usage). Another reason that we maintain the price to where it is, Aqualisa Quartz is a premium brand so the price should be high to remain brand image. Moreover, the company invested a lot for RD and wanted to gain profit margin to break-even. And for the places, normally plumbers will buy from trade shop, and end users will buy at showrooms. Therefore, the existing channel is already effective and efficient. From the case (Exhibit 6), trade shops and showrooms can generate 470,000 units per year. This shows that the two places are powerful to sell the products of Aqualisa. Promotion Our first strategy is to go after independent plumbers by providing product orientation events by calling plumber to attend the training and give 150 pounds as the compensation. This will satisfy and make the plumber attend because they do not lose the income when they attend our training. The orientation will be held every 3 months changing by geography. We will gain Plumber information from Database from APHC – Association of Plumbing Heating. The capacity for one meeting will be 100 seats per group. The  reasons we make 100 seats is because we believe that the larger the sample the higher chance of product achieving success. Another stategy is to create trustworthy of Aqualisa Quartz from existing users to new customers. Opinion leaders will convince the new customers and also build the confidence in the existing users that the electronic shower (Aqualisa Quartz) will last long and not have any problems like the early electronic showers by guarantee the satisfaction by r eferring the comment from opinion leaders (from showrooms). The third strategy is the use of award will help communicate value of Aqualisa Quartz and build the customer relationship with the brand. By doing this, the company could expand the new target group from only high to high-middle income. This would segmented by the income per year. If we could make the middle income group believes that it is worth for them to spend on our product, sales per unit would dramatically increase since this group is even larger than the high income and higher value perceived as well. Aqualisa Quartz already has the advertisement about the products so all they should do is to specify the beneficial points of the product, and also present the prize of Aqualisa Quartz to inform the target who has the middle income as well as those who has high income. Goal defense Quartz is a representative of the premium product under the brand Aqualisa, and the units sold are lower than the expectation of the Rawlinson (30-40 instead of 100-200 units per day). If we can sell more, it will generate overall sales a lot and potentially increase the market share. Problem defense According to the case, plumbers would like to go for the familiar products which they have much experience. If there is any problem after installation, plumbers are responsible for the fixing costs. Therefore, they avoid trying new product they are not familiar with. Moreover, the percentage of plumbers influencing customers’ decision is more than 50% which is resulted in they do not recommend Quartz to the customers. Another reason is that in year 1980, there were some manufacturers who introduced electronic showers, and the products were not successful because of the poor design and the failure of the usage. After that, it created  skepticism toward anything that is electronic. That makes both customers and plumbers refuse Quartz. The third reason is that Aqualisa Quartz answers all the features that the perfect showers should have in terms of water pressure, stable temperature, design, ease of installation and innovation. Even though the price is quite high the middle income can afford Aqualisa Quartz as well seen from the income information (15,000-30,000 pounds per year). For the problem of value perception, the evidence was in the year 2001. Quartz was awarded in the Bathroom Expo as a top prize since the very beginning of the Quartz but people did not know this information. Therefore, the sales of Aqualisa Quartz are not up to the expected units. Solution defense: The Conducting of orientation meeting will cultivate the perception inside the plumbers’ mind. The content of the meeting will be about the ease of the installation, and to show the convenience of the electronic functions of Quartz. In fact, Quartz’s installation duration is  ¼ of the other competitive products. It is the benefit that the plumbers can do more than one job in a day. It can certainly ensure the increase in sale. To demonstrate, we will definitely gain 12% of plumbers out from 10,000. These 12% of plumbers will generate sales 4 times higher than current sales. How many amount of sale would generate by plumbers? 12% *12775= 1533 ( 12% comes from 1200 that attend in meeting for the whole three years) 1533*4=6132 ( 4 comes from 4 times faster installation which means faster installation will lead to higher sales) As a result, we can get the sale increase about 74% of the goal which increase the chance of success. From the case, customers and plumbers do not trust the shower with electronic system (Aqualisa Quartz included). They will not use this type of products because they have bad experience with the electronic shower before. If Aqualisa can show them that the problems were solved and the Aqualisa Quartz actually works. Some of the plumbers and customers are willing to try it. Because the sales from show room are pretty strong (about 20% of the total sales) we can refer the comments from the real users and show them to the potential target groups. That would make them feel more confident to try our product. In conclusion, Aqualisa Quartz was  awarded in the expo but customers and plumbers do not notice. The problem is about the value perceived and trust. Therefore, this award can guarantee the quality and help with the value that is the awarded brand. We can do it by attaching the detail of award into the communication to make customers notice the â€Å"cleverness† and â€Å"elegant design† of Quartz.

A Clockwork Orange by Antony Burgees :: essays research papers

A Clockwork Orange by Antony Burgees (written 1962) 1, Summary: The story is set in the seventies. The leading character and also the narrator is Alex, a very violent and cruel 15 year old boy. He and his friends Georgie, Pete and Dim murder, rob, torture and rape for fun. Alex is the leader of their gang. Alex and his friends arrive at an old cottage in the countryside and play a trick. Dim pretends to be wounded and an ambulance is very necessary. The trick works out, when the women opens the door the four rush in and torture her and her husband till they are lying on the floor. Then they leave the house. Alex loves Ludwig van Beethoven. Each time when he listen to his music he sees people who are murdered and woman who are raped. When he meets his friends he notices that there is some kind of tension between them. Then the start a new tour were they find a great house for playing a trick. They play the same trick but at that time the old woman in the house is suspicious and doesn’t open the door. So Alex goes alone through the window. While he steals some things, the woman phones the police. As they meet each other they start fighting. Alex quite kills the old lady and the police arrest him. He is found guilty for murder and should go to prison for fourteen years. After almost two years in prison he hears about a new program which is called â€Å"Ludovico’s technique†. It is supposed to change bad into good. So he volunteers for the program. They choose him and take him to a room where he has to see very cruel films, for example Japanese torture or the crimes of the Nazis. In some films they also play the music of Beethoven. He has to see two films per day and also gets injections. The injections makes him feel intense pain all in his body. As the time came when Alex only associates pain with the violent lifestyle he has, he is released. He enters a world which has totally changed since his arrest. He goes to the library and there he sits next to a man who he has violated before his arrest. The man attacks him. When the policeman came he notices that the two policemen are Dim and Billyboy.

At risk youths Essay

In the given topical analysis we will be exploring the issue of â€Å"At risk youths†. The developmental procedure to this debate will follow a thorough logical unfolding. Commencing with what exactly is regarded or categorized as â€Å"At risk† merely to follow onto a breaking down of †¢ At risk youth’s classification not merely belonging to one social background but, covering different social rooting. †¢ An identification of the similar relevancies between these different groups classified as â€Å"At risk† status. †¢ What the retrospective view would be from a ground breaking opposition to this thesis. †¢ Statement back up, in terms of media and public evidence which allows temporal placement of the issues in a historical context onto present time. †¢ Reinforcement to the philosophical context of the overall paper in serious terms. What exactly, can we classify â€Å"At risk youths as being? â€Å" Who are they? †, â€Å" Where do they come form? †. At risk youths provene and stem form all walks of society. The rich and the poor. One time they could be pin pointed as appurtenant to the less affluent social classes, now it is a different case scenario. At risk youths have flowed into all social classes due to the inability of society to break through different social boundaries. For instance, we have the boundaries between living expectations in terms of monetary expenditure and social development, immigration, taxation or, what is better regarded as a faster pace of living. The government bringing in more refugee immigrants has brought about a state in which taxations have to be raised in order to meet immigrant’s needs, in terms of benefits reliance. An increase in benefits reliance has brought about increased taxation. Increased taxation has meant longer working hours. As taxation rises, inflation rises, bringing the consumer market beyond the reach of the targeted customer. Longer working hours has brought about the disruption of the family nucleus, leaving youths with no identity foundation and the substitution of this with internet chat rooms , creating a higher risk of crime related incidences ( Rape, murder, youth abduction) all springing from the deficiency of time required to distill social values in youths. Looking at things from an opposing perspective it is easy to see that opposition to this thesis would mostly stem form the given view that increased social funds thanks to higher taxes has allowed further expenditure in the field of education, after school recreational forums or leisure activities for youths in which to promulgate free hours and positively influence their mental sphere. Hence, families indeed are working longer hours but, replacements are been put in place in order to address youths freedom towards positive engagements which equally stimulate them and place a clear perspective of what is right and wrong social behavior. Also aided by the view they are subconsciously absorbing, of it being wrong to remain in and idle not employed status rather than being fully employed. Here we have two objective sided to the argument of what the composition of â€Å"At risk youths† is. But, in terms of historical background, what exactly was the periscopic difference in the situation? As stated at the outset, â€Å"At risk youths† could be easily defined. They belonged to one class. Starting with the less affluent middle class downwards. The reason youths were regarded as at risk, was due to the underlying fact that they lived in houses with poor sanitation or often due to lack of funds, youths were placed in minefield to work. In historical terms, mothers were identified as being the heart of the family, the core; they were in charge of ordaining social values in their children and addressing them towards a positive upbringing. Social youth crime rates sharply re-enforce this perspective. Today, social values have disintegrated themselves. Women and men are engaged shoulder to shoulder, face to face in a battle of the sexes. A man is no longer required to â€Å"Bring the bread home†. The battle, in breaking it even between sexes, has led to the neglect of the family nucleus or certain anchoring of focus for youths. There is nobody to act as a constant ramp of positive social flow or influence. Youths are left stranded in an abyss, looking to one another for anchor or to stay afloat, they are slowly having their thread unwound and as a replacement they look to negative influences such as constant bombardment of television with violent crime scenes, murders or mere brain washing. Motherly substitutes. Materialism has become the centre of what youths see as a secure, good future, they lack any spiritual or inwards inspiration to make them stable individuals. All of this can be clearly seen as having a psychological effect on youths reflected in the correlation of youth crimes. At present no direct solution has been envisaged, in countries like the United Kingdom there has been an implementation of increased police patrolling and armed officers patrolling streets but, no direct analysis and modification of the deeper cause and effect. Parents are afraid of chastising children and youths due to the direct threat of social services interference and Government legislations disallowing all forms of chastisement. Without a decrease in taxation or a future market collapse, without a break even in equal sex payments and treatments women are going to be mentally forced to relinquish the position of the core of the family and youths are going to lack forever more a central foundation. Competitiveness replaces family, substitutes these with a world where materialism and comfort is seen as the only sole objective, and, at any cost. Youths will continue to lack to worsen by the day until they spiral out of control. What needs to be done to control this and monitor it? The only way we can monitor this progressive detrimental development is through the formation of a central bode correlated to the monitoring of youth progress solely. Monitoring their social background and analyzing what youth offenders or the different classes of ‘At risk have in common†. Gradually an entire body of evidence can be gathered in order to implement further legislations or coerce the Government or further institutional bodies into taking action at a ministerial or local level. The youth of today, of tomorrow is the world leader of tomorrow, representing people or generations to come who will lead the world ahead, they will create the future. If they have no stability , if we make this entire body â€Å" At risk†, what type of future is being created, what type of minds are being shaped for the future, what type of ideas are being instilled in the Youths, to carry into a new world generation?. An identification of the problem amongst Youths has to be found today, and a solution has to be found to this social issue before it spirals out of control and beyond remedy. SOURCES, DAILY TELEGRAPH NEWSPAPER SOCIETY TODAY, MICHAEL PIEN BLACKWELL 2006.

Ne?tled Case Study

Nestled Case study Nestled in the high country of New Zealand’s South Island is a getaway adventure playground aimed unashamedly at the world’s very wealthy. Celebrity sportspeople, Rock stars, World Leaders and Corporate Chief Executives and other world globe-trotters are the prime targets of this new tourism business developed by Lilybank Lodge. The lodge offers these exclusive niche segments the opportunity of a secluded holiday in a little known paradise. Guests, commonly under public scrutiny in their everyday lives, can escape such pressures at an idyllic retreat designed exclusively and specifically with their needs in mind. A chance meeting between a New Zealand Department of Conservation investigator and the son of the former Indonesian president marked the beginning of this speciality tourist operation. Recognising that ‘filthy rich’ people and public figures or celebrities are constantly surrounded by security and seldom have the luxury of going anywhere ‘incognito’, the New Zealander Kerry Mortimer suggested he and a friend purchase a high country station and lodge that was for sale. Mortimer believed that the facilities and their secluded and peaceful environment would make an ideal holiday haven for this elite group. Kerry Mortimer, who was by now the company’s Managing Director, developed a carefully tailored package of goods and services for the property. Architecturally designed accommodations, including a fully equipped Gymnasium and Spa Treatment & Beauty Salon, together with luxurious guest rooms were constructed and deigned by the country’s leading designers’. Although New Zealand had an international reputation for being sparsely populated and green, Mortimer knew that rich travellers frequently complained that local accommodations were below overseas standards. Since the price of these rooms was not felt to be a major barrier to this type of targeted customer, the rooms were designed as twice as big as normal hotel rooms and to a very sumptuous specification, all with breathtaking panoramic views. Ten full-time dedicated staff were taken together with four special tour guides in keeping with the anticipated class and wealth of the potential clientele(Pickton, 2005). The 2800 acres of the retreat also backed onto the South Island’s Mount Cook National Park which also offered big game reserve hunting as well as many other outdoor pursuits. Lilybank lodge therefore developed other product-line extensions. Horse trekking and riding, golfing on a nearby rural course, world class photographic lessons and sessions, helicopter rides nature walks and other activities formed part of this exclusive package. Whilst still in the early stages of operation, this retreat has already attracted a steady stream of visitors. To date the manager has relied solely on positive word of mouth, publicity and some initial PR activity. Given the social and business circles in which the target market resides he decides to employ a marketing consultant to design and implement a more planned marketing communications strategy. The report should also consider the implication already voiced by one critical observer that this project is again evidence of yet another example of local land passing into the hands of foreigners!! The MD and manager are convinced that the major markets and attention should be on International markets but is there a case for marketing some of the attraction to a more local and national market? Introduction Marketing communications can be defined as communications by means of promotion within a target audience or market. To communicate with consumers in order to persuade them to buy the company's products is by no means the only objective. To view it as being only sales-orientated is to underestimate the complexity of modern marketing communications. It is necessary to target customers in an integrated fashion to inform, persuade and remind prospective and existing consumers and customers of the firm, its products and services and how these are differentiated to appeal to and satisfy targeted needs, wants and desires of target markets. † (Kotler, 2002) Marketing communications does not entail the continuous application of tried and tested techniques, rather it is constantl y moving and dynamic, not just in terms of messages, but also medias, monies expended and changing consumer mindsets. An example of this, product placement, which involves the deliberate featuring of a product or brand in a film or television programme, was in its infancy even five years ago. Today, however, it represents a useful – if still marginal – element of the communications programme for many consumer goods organisations. Promotion is the communication arm of the marketing mix. Our hotel use various promotional approaches to communicate with target markets (the guests) and the following text will look at the general dimensions of promotion, defining promotion in the context of marketing. Next, to understand how promotion works, the text analyses the meaning and process of communication, as well as the product (our services) adoption process. The remaining of the text discusses the major types of promotional methods and the factors that influence promotion across cultures. The Promotional Mix The promotion mix, one of the four major components of the marketing mix, involves a careful blending of several elements to accomplish the organisation's specific promotion objectives. The four traditional elements are advertising, personal selling, sales promotion and public relations. Advertising The first element I will discuss is advertising, which can be defined as â€Å"any paid form of non-personal promotion transmitted through a mass-medium. † (Brassington & Petit, 2000, P. 593) â€Å"The purpose of an advertising plan is to provide the means by which appropriate messages are devised and delivered to target audiences who then act in appropriate ways. † (Fill, 2002, P. 486) Any paid form of no personal communication through the mass media about a product or service by an identified sponsor is advertising. The mass media used include magazines, direct mail, radio, television, billboards, and newspapers. This is used when the sponsor wants to communicate with a number of people who cannot be reached economically and effectively through personal means. Personal Selling Personal, face-to-face contact between a staff's representative and those people with whom the staff wants to communicate is personal selling. Non-profit organisations, political candidates, companies, and individuals use personal selling to communicate with the publics. Public Relations A further element of the promotional mix is public relations, which is defined by the Institute of Public Relations (1986) as â€Å"the deliberate, planned and sustained effort to establish and maintain mutual understanding between an organisation and its public. † Communication to correct erroneous impressions, maintain the goodwill of the hotel's many publics, and explain the hotel's goals and purposes is called public relations (PR). Unlike the other promotional mix elements, public relations are concerned primarily with people outside the target market, although it may include them. Publicity is news carried in the mass media about a hotel – its products, policies, services, personnel, or actions – at no charge to the organisation for media time and space. Unlike the other tools in the promotional mix, public relations does not require the purchase of airtime and space in media vehicles, such as T. V or magazines. And compared to the other promotional tools, public relations have higher credibility because the decision whether or not a hotel's public relations messages are delivered is not down to the hotel, but those charged with managing the media resource. Another big advantage PR has over other tools is that it has such low absolute costs(Kitchen, 2000). Within the communications programme of a hotel, public relations have two major roles to play. â€Å"These are the development and maintenance of corporate goodwill and the continuity necessary for good product support. † The first task of PR is to provide a series of cues by which the stakeholders can recognise, understand and position the hotel in such a way that it builds a strong reputation. Sales Promotion Sales promotion communicates with targeted receivers in a way that is not feasible by using other elements of the promotion mix. It involves any activity that offers an incentive to induce a desired response by staffs, intermediaries, and/or final customers/guests. Sales promotion activities add value to the service because the incentives ordinarily do not accompany the service. According to the Institute of Sales Promotion, sales promotion is â€Å"†¦ range of tactical techniques designed within a strategic marketing frameworks to add value to a product or service in order to achieve specific sales and marketing objectives. † This added value could be in the form of an inducement, (for example, price-offs, coupons, premiums, seasonal-offs) and is intended to encourage guests to act now rather than later. PR and Publicity Public Relations is perceived the most important in terms of marketing Lilybank Lodge. Journalist, media representatives and travel writ ers have a key role to play in establishing a positive profile. Also, popular sporting events, festivals, or visits by high profile celebrities or prominent politicians are excellent opportunities for eliminating the chronic negative image. Process by mass media such as TV, newspapers and films, and accounts given by friends, relatives or associates are powerful in the consumer's decision. Lilybank Lodge’s image as a tourist destination greatly depends on the PR activities of its marketers and the extent to which they can influence or manipulate tourist's perceptions of the region(Kitchen, 2003). Tourism representatives had agreed not to underestimate the negative perceptions the prospective tourist had in his/her mind and was created by mass media, newspapers and films covering the ‘trouble'. What was needed was a strategic promotion of it's tourism attractions on the part of tour operators and promotional bodies seeking to influence potential tourists. However many had their doubts. In McGuckin and Demick (2000) many doubts were rissen: One respondent suggested: â€Å"Positive advertising could never fully overcome negative editorial or media coverage(Ilchul, 2004)†. Another that: â€Å"It is difficult for us to control the negative publicity particularly that created by the media†. Lilybank Lodge ‘s objective regarding Publicity for 2003 is to create awareness of New Zealand and portray the desired images of the island. E-Marketing and the Internet The objective is the offer the consumer information about New Zealand through Internet sites, mail and email to past enquiries in order to convert interest to booking and developing banner advertising to direct consumers to micro-sites, which have special offers and a call to action. Trade Support Activity The objective is to educate and support the market trade so they can promoted New Zealand effectively. Promotions The objective is to offer information and create the intention among consumers to come and visit New Zealand. External Analysis: Threats Economic The industry faces major challenges in regaining its competitiveness in the light of reducing customer satisfaction ratings, in particular as regards delivering good value for money. There are a number of key factors influencing this problem: Social, cultural, demographic and environmental With growing concerns for environmental issues, New Zealand needs to become more aware of the problems with litter and pollution. These are the issues with lowest satisfaction levels of visitors as outlined by Failte New Zealand Visitor Attitude Surveys. The increase in competition from Eastern European countries has posed a threat by taking part of the market segment New Zealand once catered for. People are changing the way that they holiday. People are taking shorter holidays, but more often. For example, Vienna, once expensive, has reinvented itself as a reasonable conference and city break destination. In 2002, against the expectations of the industry, the number of domestic trips recorded – at 5. 8 million – represented a decrease on 2001 performance and a 10% decrease on 2000. While business trips are at a steady rate, home holidays and visiting friends and relatives is down, as the graph below illustrates. (Cornelissen, 2006) Political, Legal and Government A major decrease in NZ investment in Irish tourism poses a major threat to the industry. NZ grants, tax incentives and infrastructure supports are not as readily available as in the mid to late 1990s. Technological With the advancements in modern communication the need to travel has become less important. Telephone conferencing and the Internet are now alternatives to one on one business meetings. More affordable and efficient means of transport now allows for shorter stays, thus decreasing potential revenue for hotels. Internal Analysis: Strengths Experience With over 20 years in the business the Hotel has an established name and reputation. Recent and Proposed Investment The recent refurbishment and proposed expansion of 20 new bedrooms indicates that the hotel has capital to invest in its growth. Staff and customer loyalty A longstanding relationship with both employees and the cities business population creates a sense of security within the hotel Good relations with competition The hotel proposed to investigate running a training scheme in conjunction with other hotels in the area. This indicates that they have a good relationship with their competitors. Customer Focused The hotel has identified the need to become more customer focused and flexible in their approach to the needs of their clients. Location Having a central location within the city is a major advantage. It provides easy access for customers and suppliers. There is a larger market for the restaurant and bar facilities. Other amenities are close by. E. g. : Pharmacy, Newsagents etc. Expansion The hotel is planning to expand which shows that they are forward thinking and are not complacent when it comes to competition. Identified Weaknesses (Utilizing resources) They have identified the fact that their employees could be better utilized with some organization and planning Diverse Workforce The ages of the employees are wide ranging which enriches the company's culture and combines the experience and know how of the older generation with the enthusiasm and new ideas of the younger one. Internal Analysis: Weaknesses Lack of Skilled Workforce The Hotel has had problems with attracting receptionists and chefs with the required level of skill. High Staff turnover There is a constant problem in certain areas for retaining staff. Technology The hotel does not seem to have any computer systems in place which is to its detriment. Older staff resistant to change The fact that there are a number of older staff who have worked in the hotel for a great many years may be a problem with regards to implementing new systems. Training and Development There is currently no training for staff and a lack of foresight for future career paths within the organization. Reactionary The hotel clearly reacts to its problems as opposed to planning for unforeseen circumstances. Although they are planning for the future, they do not take into account the problems they may face. Bad planning and Utilization Employees clearly need to be better organized within the hotel. A problem like shift change times overlapping busy checkout times is something that just should not be happening in a hotel that's in operation for more than 20 years. Lack of facilities The hotel has only the basic facilities any hotel of its size would have. A huge competitive advantage is being missed out on due to the lack of innovative extras within the hotel. Transport The lack of transport at awkward hours has a significant impact on staff retention in the hotel. Situation Analysis and Preliminary Assessment This section includes a SWOT analysis of the Lilybank Lodge case study and preliminary assessments based on currently available data regarding market conditions, market segmentation, and market size. S. W. O. T. Analysis of the Lilybank Lodge case study This section reviews the strengths, weaknesses, external opportunities, and external threats (SWOT) for Lilybank Lodge in its current situation. Internal Strengths There is no ordinary rooms in the hotel †¢Quality evaluations are very good compared to competitors †¢Located a within blocks of the financial district and Inner Harbor tourist sites External Opportunities †¢Increase sales figures †¢Increase net profit Internal Weaknesses †¢Not too many amenities †¢Received little promotion both locally and nationally †¢No kitchenettes External threats â⠂¬ ¢Other hotels or units that offer similar service with the competitive price or even at the lower level †¢ Down falling economy Preliminary Assessment of Market Conditions This section records preliminary observations on the market advantages and disadvantages of an all-suite hotel. Advantages: †¢ Rooms are 500 to 800 square feet compared to traditional hotel rooms which are 300 to 400 square feet †¢Privacy †¢Business people can conduct small meetings in there hotel rooms †¢Convenient because it’s located near the business district and near tourist attractions Disadvantages: †¢ More staff needed †¢More expensive for upkeep †¢Some people don’t want such a big room †¢No big function rooms for weddings etc†¦ Market Segmentation All-suite hotels entered the hospitality market with the business traveler in mind, providing home-away-from-home comforts for long business trips and separate living and sleeping rooms to better accommodate in-room business meetings. It wasn't long, however, before the benefits to traveling families became equally apparent. Private sleeping areas for parents or for children's naptime and kitchen facilities to save money on meals as well as to accommodate children's eating patterns are among the benefits of all-suite travel for families with children. The market for Lilybank Lodge can be reasonably segmented into two categories: business travelers and leisure travelers. (Holm, 2006) †¢ Business Travelers – need hotel rooms year round, but usually emphasize weekdays (M-T). They are likely to evaluate the hotel on the following criteria: price (although not very price sensitive, they can’t afford to be too free and easy with their expenses), level of personal service provided, degree of physical luxury (rooms, restaurants, lobby, decor, extra amenities) location relative to next days usiness meetings, ambiance / atmosphere of hotel and quality of upkeep (clean and fresh). †¢ Leisure Travelers – tend to visit on weekends. They may be slightly more price sensitive than business travelers and be looking for packaged deals (special weekend rates including some meals), they will also want a location close to shops, restaurants, entertainment and attractions. If they were touring by car then on-site parking would be an issue. Preliminary Market Size Analysis In this section, a preliminary market size estimate for business travelers and leisure travelers is produced. Business travelers †¢31% of hotel occupancy, 51% with groups †¢What is happening to business travel †¢Stagnation ==> high fares and technology alternatives †¢Still need for face-to-face meetings †¢Globalization is a positive factor †¢What do business travelers want †¢ Location, service, reputation, appropriate product, price †¢ Significance of women as growth business travel market Leisure travelers †¢68% of trips, 43% of hotel stays †¢Leisure trips have been growing at twice the pace of business trips Recommendations based on assessment Lilybank Lodge has already made a good start towards a successful marketing strategy for their Baltimore Hotel. It’s going to be tough to get the hotel started due to the falling economy. The hotel needs to get a good staff. Staff is very important because they leave a lasting impression on the customers. Lilybank Lodge needs to really concentrate on customer satisfaction. If they can get customer satisfaction then they have got through half the battle. Lilybank Lodge should also concentrate on online sales. Everyone uses the Internet and that’s where he or she will find most of there traveling accommodations. Lilybank Lodge should also go to different businesses and explain to them all the amenities that they offer. They should also reevaluate their amenities because it seems by the survey that they are low in that factor. I believe the Lilybank Lodge. Suites will do just fine. Business people are traveling all the time and they definitely like idea of all suite hotels. It’s roomier, very convenient for business meeting and they have privacy which in ordinary hotels they lack that greatly. Lilybank Lodge's tourism industry needs to select the correct image for the region and communicate it to the appropriate target markets. Public relations and media management(Picktan, 2005) Conclusion In this paper communication was discussed as a vital strategic element of Lilybank Lodge's especially a new opened hotel and importance was given to integrating the various promotional tools to achieve an effective focus. The main influence for communications and other management functions must be directed by long term aims and objectives developed as part of a comprehensive strategy. References Picktan, D. and Braderick, A. (2005), Integrated Marketing Cammunicatians, Pearsan Educatian Limited, Harlaw. Katler, P. (2002), Marketing Management, 11th ed. , Prentice-Hall/Pearsan Educatian, Englewaad Cliff, NJ. Belch, G. E. and Belch, M. A. (2003), Advertising and Pramatian, 6th ed. , McGraw Hill. Fill, C. (2006) Marketing Cammunicatians, 4th ed. , Financial Times/ Prentice Hall. Kitchen, P. J. and Schultz, D. E. 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